Negative control groups help identify outside influences which may be present that were not accounted for when the procedure was created. negative control Control group where conditions produce a negative outcome. Poly-A tail The modified end of the 3' end of an mRNA molecule consisting of the addition of some 50 to 250 adenine nucleotides.

Because of eukaryotic mRNA splicing, cDNA contains no inrons. DNA produced synthetically by reverse trascribing mRNA. Small Kd represents high concentration of antibody-antigen complexes and therefore a strong binding affinity of the antibody cDNA Complementary DNA. equilibrium concentration of unbound antigen =equilibrium conastant of unbound antibody blastopore The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes monozygotic twin twins who are genetically identical Dissociation constant Kd / point mutation gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed frameshift mutation mutation that shifts the 'reading' frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide archenteron The central cavity in the gastrula stage of embryological development it is lined by endoderm and ultimately gives rise to the adult digestive tract. deletion mutation a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene glucogenesis forming or producing glucose glycolysis A pathway in which glucose is oxidized to pyruvic acid thiazole glial cells Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.Īstrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells translocation The process in which a segment of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

insertion mutation A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.

Prevalence total number of cases in a population nonsense mutation point mutation- a change in a single base pair which creates a premature stop codon missense mutation A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid.

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